{"id":22777,"date":"2018-05-30T20:10:56","date_gmt":"2018-05-30T13:10:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/indochinapost.vn\/?p=22777"},"modified":"2018-05-30T22:39:09","modified_gmt":"2018-05-30T15:39:09","slug":"huong-dan-cach-tinh-cuoc-trong-luong-tinh-cuoc-hang-air-sea-road","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/indochinapost.vn\/huong-dan-cach-tinh-cuoc-trong-luong-tinh-cuoc-hang-air-sea-road.html\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng air, sea, road"},"content":{"rendered":"
Nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 logistics.<\/strong><\/p>\n H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng air, sea, road.<\/p>\n Khi kinh doanh trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 n\u1eb5m r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 truc tiep bong da chaolong h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n M\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u00e0u container, xe t\u1ea3i ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 truc tiep bong da chaolong h\u00e0ng chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf (volume constraint). Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n giao th\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. (weight constraint)<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec3 b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng gian tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n, ng\u00e0nh logistics qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc (chargeable weight)<\/p>\n Theo kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i s\u1ebd t\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ch\u1ecdn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, t\u00f9y xem ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n Tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh ph\u00ed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty logistics qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n gi\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c t\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u1ed5ng ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed1i truc tiep bong da chaolong h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em g\u1eedi m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 b\u1edfi:<\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc 1<\/strong>: T\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch.<\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc 2<\/strong>: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng air.<\/p>\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/p>\n Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m 10 ki\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc 1<\/strong>: T\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u1ed5ng (gross weight) c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a: \u0110\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n L\u00f4 n\u00e0y, t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a l\u00e0 1000kgs.<\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc 2<\/strong>: T\u00ednh th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1: \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch, b\u1ea1n n\u00ean t\u00ednh th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e9t kh\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc 3<\/strong>: T\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1: nh\u00e2n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch.<\/p>\n Trong \u0111\u00f3, h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 quy \u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u00e0:<\/p>\n Air shipment volumetric weight constant = 167 kgs \/ cbm<\/strong><\/p>\n Tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch (Volumetric weight) = t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a x h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch B\u01b0\u1edbc 4<\/strong>: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a: B\u1ea1n n\u00ean so s\u00e1nh tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u1ed5ng (grosss weight) c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 (volumetric weight) v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n \u0110\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chuy\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng air \u0111\u00e3 cho.<\/p>\n H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7: \u00a0h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng sea kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng air<\/p>\n B\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u1ea5y h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc (volumetric weight constant) b\u1eb1ng 1000 kgs \/m3, khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u00e0ng bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ea3 tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng bi\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau:<\/p>\n Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng bao g\u1ed3m 10 ki\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n \u00a0B\u01b0\u1edbc 1<\/strong>: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1: T\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 8000 kg.<\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc 2<\/strong>: T\u00ednh th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1:<\/p>\n B\u01b0\u1edbc 3<\/strong>: T\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n Nh\u00e2n th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch s\u1ebd ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n Sea shipment volumetric weight constant = 1000\u00a0kgs\u00a0\/\u00a0cbm<\/strong> B\u01b0\u1edbc 4<\/strong>: T\u00ednh to\u00e1n tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a: so s\u00e1nh t\u1ed5ng tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc cho l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111ang l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5<\/p>\n V\u1edbi l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c h\u00e0ng air v\u00e0 sea \u1edf h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u00e0 333 kgs \/m3 T\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch (volumetric weight) c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n Road shipment volumetric weight constant = 333 kgs\u00a0\/\u00a0cbm<\/strong> V\u1eady tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u1ed5ng (gross weight) l\u1edbn h\u01a1n tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong th\u1ec3 t\u00edch (volumetric weight). Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u1ed5ng (gross weight) c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 9,600 kgs l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\nT\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n?<\/span><\/h2>\n
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H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng air?<\/span><\/h2>\n
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\nVolumetric Weight= 7,2 cbm x 167 kgs\/ cbm = 1202,4 kgs<\/p>\n\n
L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc trong l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng sea?<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
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\nVolumetric Weight= 18 cbm x 1000 kgs\/ cbm = 18000 kgs<\/p>\n\n
L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng truc tiep bong da chaolong t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 (road shipments)<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1edbi l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 g\u1ed3m 10 ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n
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\nVolumetric Weight= 21,6 cbm x 333 kgs\/ cbm = 7192,8 kgs<\/p>\n